Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids), also termed as acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is a deadly disease, which attacks the immune system of body, making it unable to resist infection. AIDS is a collection of symptoms and infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that is communicable thru some body fluids and passed primarily through sexual activities and intravenous drug use.
HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-seminal fluid, and breast milk.
The transmission can come in the form of anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids. AIDS, in the late stage, leaves the sufferers prone to opportunistic infections and tumors, but the stigma of HIV/AIDS is more severe than the life-threatening condition.
According to studies, HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century. AIDS is now a pandemic, with an estimated 38.6 million people now living with the disease all over the globe.
According to the estimation of Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO), AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized on December 1, 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history. AIDS claimed an estimated 2.4 - 3.3 million lives, of which more than 570,000 were children in 2005.
Although treatments for AIDS and HIV exist to slow the virus's progression, there is no known cure. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.
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